How to Treat Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common but often overlooked condition that can have serious consequences for your oral and overall health.

It begins with bacterial growth in your mouth and can end in tooth loss if not properly treated. Understanding the types, symptoms, and treatments of gum disease can help you take proactive measures to maintain healthy gums and teeth.

The Types of Gum Disease

There are two main stages of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis.

1. Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease. It is characterised by inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup at the gumline. Common signs of gingivitis include red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing or flossing.
At this stage, the disease is still reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental care.

2. Periodontitis
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis. This more severe form of gum disease affects the tissues and bones that support your teeth. Plaque spreads below the gumline, causing the gums to pull away from the teeth and form pockets that become infected. Over time, these pockets deepen, and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. This can lead to loose teeth or tooth loss.
Periodontitis requires more intensive treatment and ongoing maintenance to manage.

Symptoms of Gum Disease

Recognising gum disease symptoms early is crucial for effective treatment. Common symptoms include:

Red, swollen gums: Healthy gums should be pink and firm. Inflammation can cause gums to become red and puffy.
Bleeding gums: Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing are a sign of gum disease.
Receding gums: Gums that are pulling away from the teeth, making them appear longer, can indicate gum disease.
Persistent bad breath: Bad breath that doesn’t go away even after brushing can be a sign of gum infection.
Tender or painful gums: Gums that are sore or painful can be a symptom of gum disease.
Loose teeth: As the supporting bone and gum tissue deteriorate, teeth can become loose or shift in position.
Pus between teeth and gums: Pus or other signs of infection are indicators of advanced gum disease.

Causes and Risk Factors

Gum disease is primarily caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. Factors that can increase your risk include:

Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to plaque buildup.
Smoking and tobacco use: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for gum disease.
Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause can make gums more sensitive.
Diabetes: People with diabetes are at higher risk for infections, including gum disease.
Genetics: A family history of gum disease can increase your risk.
Certain medications: Some medications can reduce saliva flow, which helps protect gums and teeth.

Treatment Options

Treatment for gum disease depends on the severity of the condition. Here are common treatments for both gingivitis and periodontitis:

1. Professional Cleaning

For early-stage gingivitis, a professional dental cleaning can remove plaque and tartar buildup. Your dentist or dental hygienist will perform scaling to remove plaque from above and below the gumline.

Regular cleanings and improved at-home oral hygiene can often reverse gingivitis.

2. Scaling and Root Planing

For more advanced gum disease, scaling and root planing, also known as deep cleaning, may be necessary. This procedure involves scraping away plaque and tartar from above and below the gumline and smoothing rough spots on the tooth root to remove bacteria and help the gums reattach to the teeth.

3. Medications

In some cases, medications may be prescribed to control infection and pain. These can include:

Antibiotic mouth rinses: Used to control bacteria.
Antibiotic gels: Applied to gum pockets after deep cleaning.
Oral antibiotics: Taken orally to treat persistent areas of gum infection.
Antiseptic chips or microspheres: Inserted into gum pockets to reduce infection.

4. Surgery

In severe cases of periodontitis, surgical treatments may be necessary:

Flap surgery: The gums are lifted back to remove tartar and then sutured back into place.
Bone and tissue grafts: Used to regenerate lost bone or gum tissue.
Guided tissue regeneration: A special mesh is inserted between the bone and gum tissue to allow the bone to regrow.

Prevention Tips

Preventing gum disease is easier than treating it. Here are some tips to maintain healthy gums:

Brush your teeth twice a day: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
Floss daily: Remove plaque from between your teeth and under the gum line.
Use an antiseptic mouthwash: Helps reduce bacteria that cause plaque and gum disease.
Regular dental check-ups: Visit your dentist for professional cleanings and check-ups.
Quit smoking: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for gum disease.
Eat a balanced diet: Good nutrition can help boost your immune system and overall oral health.

Spotlight Oral Care: Your Partner in Gum Health

At Spotlight Oral Care, we offer a range of products designed to help you maintain optimal gum health. Our Toothpaste for Gums is specially formulated to reduce inflammation and prevent gum disease.

Pair it with our Sonic Pro Toothbrush for a superior clean that reaches below the gum line.

Remember, healthy gums are the foundation of a healthy smile. By understanding gum disease and taking proactive measures to prevent and treat it, you can ensure your smile stays bright and beautiful for years to come.